No race is more widely scattered over the earth's surface than the Gypsies; the very Jews are less ubiquitous. Go where one will in Europe, one comes upon Gypsies everywhere--from Finland to Sicily, from the shores of the Bosporus to the Atlantic seaboard.
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Something under a million is their probable number in Europe; of these Hungary claims 275,000, Roumania 200,000, Servia 38,000, and Bulgaria 52,000. How many Gypsies there are in Great Britain I have not the vaguest notion, for there are no statistics of the slightest value to go by. But I have never lived for any length of time in any place--and I have stayed in most parts of both England and Scotland--without lighting sooner or later on nomadic or house-dwelling Gypsies. London and all round London, the whole Thames valley as high at least as Oxford, the Black Country, Bristol, Manchester, Liverpool, and Yarmouth, it is here I should chiefly look for settled Gypsies. Whilst from study of parish registers, local histories, and suchlike, and from my own knowledge, I doubt if there is the parish between Land's End and John o' Groats where Gypsies have not pitched their camp some time or other in the course of the last four centuries.
Asia has untold thousands of these wanderers, in Anatolia, Syria, Armenia, Persia, Turkestan, and Siberia, perhaps also India and China; so, too, has Africa, in Egypt, Algeria, Darfur, and Kordofan. We find them in both the Americas, from Pictou in Canada to Rio in Brazil; nor are New Zealand and Australia without at least their isolated bands.
To-day at any rate the sedentary Gypsies must greatly outnumber the nomadic: in Hungary only 9000, or less than one-thirtieth of the entire number, are returned as 'constantly on the move.' Still the race has always been largely a migratory race; its wide distribution is due to bygone migrations. Of these the most important known to us is that of the first half of the fifteenth century, whose movements have been so lovingly and laboriously traced by the late M. Paul Bataillard in his Dè
l'Apparition et de la Dispersion des Bohèmiens en Europe (1844), Nouvelles Recherches (1849), and 'Immigration of the Gypsies into Western Europe in the Fifteenth Century' (Gypsy Lore Journal, April 1889 to January 1890, for pages ).
Late in 1417 a band of 'Secani' or Tsigans, 300 in number, besides children and infants, arrived in Germany 'from Eastern parts' or 'from Tartary.' Their presence is first recorded at Luneburg; and thence they passed on to Hamburg, Lübeck, Wismar, Rostock, Stralsund, and Greifswald, At their head rode a duke and a count, richly dressed, with silver belts, and leading like nobles dogs of chase; next came a motley crew afoot; and women and children brought up the rear in waggons.
They bore letters of safe-conduct from princes, one of which from the Emperor Sigismund they had probably procured that same year at Lindau on Lake Constance; and they gave out that they were on a seven years' pilgrimage, imposed by their own bishops as a penance for apostasy from the Christian faith. They encamped in the fields by night outside the city walls, and were great thieves, especially the women, 'wherefore several were taken and slain.' In 1418 they are heard of at Leipzig, at Frankfort-on-Main, and in Switzerland at Zurich, Basel, Berne, and Soleure: the contemporary Swiss chronicler, Conrad Justinger, speaks of them as 'more than two hundred baptized Heathens from Egypt, pitiful, black, miserable, and unbearable on account of their thefts, for they stole all they could.'
At Augsburg they passed for exiles from 'Lesser Egypt'; at Macon in August 1419 they practised palmistry and necromancy; and at Sisteron in Provence as 'Saracens' they got large rations from the terrified townsfolk. In 1420 Lord Andreas, Duke of Little Egypt, and a hundred men, women, and children, came to Deventer in the Low Countries; and the aldermen had to pay 19 florins 10 placks for their bread, beer, herrings, and straw, as well as for cleaning out the barn in which they lay. At Tournay in 1421 'Sir Miquiel, Prince of Latinghem in Egypt,' received twelve gold pieces, with bread and a barrel of beer.
'PAZORRHUS'
INTRODUCTION
Appearance in West.
At Bologna.
At Paris.
In England.
In Scotland.
In North America.
In South America.
In Australia.
Transportation.
In Crete.
In Corfu.
In the Peloponnesus.
In Roumania.
The Chaltsmide.
Athingani.
Atsincan.
Komodromoi.
Nails of Crucifixion.
Gypsy Language.
Gypsies as Nomads.
Caldarari.
Ciboure.
ii
'Greek Gypsies.'
Eastern Gypsies in Galloway.
Gypsy Folk-tales.
Campbell of Islay
Dr. F. Mller.
Dr. Paspati.
Dr. Barbu Constantinescu.
Miklosich.
Wlislocki.
Dr. R. von Sowa.
Dr. Kopernicki.
John Roberts.
Mr. John Sampson.
Campbell of Islay.
Boat-dwelling Tinkers.
Kounavine.
Theory as to Gypsy Folk-tales.
Gypsy variants.
Unique Features.
Literary Sources.
Questions of Date.
Indian Parallels.
Tokens of Recent Diffusion.
The Anthropological Theory.
Gypsy savagery.
Cannibalism.
Gypsy Migrations.
Gypsy originality.
Gaelic and Welsh-Gypsy stories.
i
Other Parallels.
Irish and Gypsy Folk-tales.
Gypsy story-tellers.
i
Story-Telling a living Gypsy art.
Possible Gypsy influences.
Theory.
No. 2.--Baldpate
No. 3.--The Riddle
No. 4.--Story of the Bridge
No. 6.--God's Godson
No. 7.--The Snake who became the King's Son-in-law
No. 8.--The Bad Mother
No. 9.--The Mother's Chastisement
No. 10.--The Three Princesses and the Unclean Spirit
No. 11.--The Two Thieves
No. 12.--The Gypsy and the Priest
No. 13.--The Watchmaker
No. 14.--The Red King and the Witch
No. 15.--The Prince and the Wizard
No. 16.--The Apples of Pregnancy
No. 18.--The Golden Children
No. 19.--The Two Children
No. 20.--Mare's Son
No. 21.--The Deluded Dragon
No. 22.--The Gypsy and the Dragon
No. 23.--The Seer
No. 24.--The Prince, his Comrade, and Nastasa the Fair
No. 25.--The Hen that laid Diamonds
No. 26.--The Winged Hero
No. 27.--Tropsyn
No. 28.--The Beautiful Mountain
No. 29.--Pretty-face
No. 30.--The Rich and the Poor Brother
No. 31--The Three Brothers
No. 32.--The Enchanted City
No. 33.--The Jealous Husband
No. 34.--Made over to the Devil
No. 35.--The Lying Story
No. 36.--Happy Boz?ll
No. 38.--The Three Golden Hairs of the Sun-King
No. 39.--The Dog and the Maiden
No. 40.--Death the Sweetheart
No. 42.--The Dragon
No. 43.--The Princess and the Forester's Son
No. 44.--The Three Dragons
No. 46.--Tale of a Girl who was sold to the Devil, and of her Brother
No. 47.--The Brigands and the Miller's Daughter
No. 48.--Tale of a Wise Young Jew and a Golden Hen
No. 49.--The Golden Bird and the Good Hare
No. 50.--The Witch
No. 52.--De Little Fox
No. 53.--De Little Bull-calf
No. 55.--An Old King and his three Sons in England
No. 56.--The Five Trades
No. 57.--Ashypelt
No. 58.--Twopence-Halfpenny
No. 59.--The Old Smith
No. 60.--The Old Soldier
No. 61.--The Dragon
No. 62.--The Green Man of Noman's Land
No. 63.--The Black Lady
No. 64.--The Ten Rabbits
No. 65.--The Three Wishes
No. 66.--Fairy Bride
No. 67.--Cinderella
No. 68.--Jack the Robber
No. 69.--The Fool with the Sheep
No. 70.--The Tinker and his Wife
No. 71.--Winter
No. 72.--The Black Dog of the Wild Forest
No. 74.--The Tale of the Soldier
No. 75.--The Fox
No. 76.--The Magic Shirt
DE NEW HAN'.
JOHN BUNYAN.
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